Causes of American Poverty and Possible Solutions Essay

Poverty is not a simple issue. You cannot ask a question about poverty and get one universal response. There are many conflicting ideas about what poverty is, and more importantly, where it comes from. The make-up of American society shows that so much in life can depend on one’s family. Having opportune circumstances can land people jobs, but having the opposite can also perpetuate the depression and reality of poverty for others. When people have reasons not to seize their days, they might sink deeper and deeper into the belief that they cannot truly escape poverty. People need to have the proper assistance to breakaway from poverty and lead successful lives. Poverty in America is largely due to the government’s overcompensation of†¦show more content†¦This money would be so much better spent on education or self-help programs. Services that have the future of the poor in mind are where government benefits need to be attached. If poor children can be the firs t in their family to obtain a legitimate education, they can help turn their family around. The furthering of these children’s education can lead to financial aid in college and a job upon graduating. New generations of young people attaining an excellent education can inspire other children in similar situations. Again, this requires a proper allocation of support. Conversely, according to Schiller (2008), the Flawed Character theory, â€Å"Sees individuals as in full control of their socioeconomic status† (p. 66). This over-generalized statement should not be properly attributed to poor children in desolate living conditions. Being a poor individual does not mean you are permanently stuck there, but it can hinder your development. Children are not seemingly in full control of their status when they are told by their parents to live off the government. This ideal could make children more than likely to heed this ill-advised lesson. Children being brought up on the bel ief that less effort is better would be a true testament to the ineptitude of this system. On the other hand, with money being spent on young people for education, the control of their lives increases much more. The belief that being poor will deny any opportunities can be greatlyShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Response to â€Å"the Singer Solution to World Poverty†682 Words   |  3 PagesPeter Singer’s article â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† Singer suggests that Americans should donate all of the money they are spending on luxuries, not necessities, to the world’s poor. His argument seems simple and straight forward, but there are several unanswered questions. What is the cause of world poverty? What would this do to the American economy? America’s economy must be a priority to Americans when it comes to solving the issues of world poverty. Utilitarian philosophers, like PeterRead MoreThe Poverty Of Americans Are Affected By Poverty1464 Words   |  6 PagesMillions of Americans are affected by poverty every day, it does not spare anyone of a certain race, age, or gender. As children go hungry and the homeless become invisible, the 85 percent of wealthy Americans go on believing poverty does not exist. We live in a â€Å"culture of poverty† where there are many Americans that deny the fact that the country is in a state of despair, the only likely way out is to change how the government assists the deprived and to educate the unknowing. Policy makers haveRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On America894 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is one of largest problem in the whole world, because thousands of people are affected by this major concern. Poverty is an issue that inflicts many dangerous situations, such as, crimes, diseases, lack of literacy, hard labor, etc., and therefore, it is essential to resolute before it gets worse. For example, United States is having risen in unemployment rates, which indicates the early symptoms, that citizens have started submerging into poverty. In most of the poor countries crime ratioRead MorePoverty Is A Global Issue1448 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is a global issue known by many people, it affects people in many ways, and can be considered a constant battle. The war on poverty has been ongoing for many years not only in the United States, but also amongst various countries. A significant country dealing with poverty is South Africa, which has struggled to provide jobs, education, and social security, to its people for numerous years. Moreover, the same applies to countries like the United States. Our first impression is that the UnitedRead MoreEssay on History of Terrorism1536 Words   |  7 Pagesusing force to influence or change a political decision. Given that there may be an array of situations the U.S. government and the American people are faced with on a daily basis, most would probably agree in saying that terrorism is the most imperative issue we are not only becoming victims to, but are interminably asked to deal with as well as finding a solution for. The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution. Some of these acts of terrorism only seem as distantRead MoreSocial Aspects of American Children Being Born in Poverty Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesargues, children who are faced with economic distress and poverty are particularly vulnerable. For them the risks are compounded, as they lack the defenses and supports needed to combat the toxicity surrounding them. According to the Childrens Defense Fund, 13.5 million children living in America today are poor, and 5.8 million of them are living in extreme poverty, with incomes below half the poverty line. The issues related to poverty -- from substandard housing and malnutrition, to inadequateRead MorePoverty Can Be Defined As The State Of Being Inferior Quality Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Inevitableness of Poverty Poverty can be defined as the state of being inferior in quality or, the more popular definition, poor. If examined closely poverty can be found everywhere, in every nation, every city and society. To the world, poverty seems inevitable, however what if it s not? What if? Doubt may fill any sane person at this moment, however through research and several economist poverty has been deemed as avoidable. To avoid poverty, the causes of poverty must first be examinedRead MoreIs It Possible to End World Poverty? Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction- Today we’re facing a big problem, it’s not a new one but an on-going one and it has been going on for decades. What is poverty? Poverty is the state of not being able to afford basic needs, in other words, it is the condition of being extremely poor. It is an issue which has troubled the nation for thousands of years. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Around 21,000 people die every day because of extreme hunger. If theyRead MoreA Solution to the Population Problem:1724 Words   |  7 Pagesand population growth over the course of the past few centuries. Scientists are frenetically searching for the solution to this issue, and their outcomes are bleak. They are telling the world that if population growth does not slow, the earth will swell to a capacity too large to sustain itself and the conclusion will be apocalyptic. Explanations are numerous, however viable solutions are difficult to find. Adherents to the Malthusian theory, such as Garrett Hardin, author of the article ThereRead MoreThe United States Wealth Inequality Gap1369 Words   |  6 Pages The number of children who are living in poverty have decreased for the first time in almost ten years. The Census Bureau reported a 0.5 percent decrease of Americans living in poverty from 2012 to 2013. Poverty is among the country’s contemporary social problems in the Twenty-First Century. According to the Census Bureau, 45.3 million people were categorized as living in poverty in 2013. To address contemporary social problems like poverty, one must take an in depth look at the reasons why there

Causes of American Poverty and Possible Solutions Essay

Poverty is not a simple issue. You cannot ask a question about poverty and get one universal response. There are many conflicting ideas about what poverty is, and more importantly, where it comes from. The make-up of American society shows that so much in life can depend on one’s family. Having opportune circumstances can land people jobs, but having the opposite can also perpetuate the depression and reality of poverty for others. When people have reasons not to seize their days, they might sink deeper and deeper into the belief that they cannot truly escape poverty. People need to have the proper assistance to breakaway from poverty and lead successful lives. Poverty in America is largely due to the government’s overcompensation of†¦show more content†¦This money would be so much better spent on education or self-help programs. Services that have the future of the poor in mind are where government benefits need to be attached. If poor children can be the firs t in their family to obtain a legitimate education, they can help turn their family around. The furthering of these children’s education can lead to financial aid in college and a job upon graduating. New generations of young people attaining an excellent education can inspire other children in similar situations. Again, this requires a proper allocation of support. Conversely, according to Schiller (2008), the Flawed Character theory, â€Å"Sees individuals as in full control of their socioeconomic status† (p. 66). This over-generalized statement should not be properly attributed to poor children in desolate living conditions. Being a poor individual does not mean you are permanently stuck there, but it can hinder your development. Children are not seemingly in full control of their status when they are told by their parents to live off the government. This ideal could make children more than likely to heed this ill-advised lesson. Children being brought up on the bel ief that less effort is better would be a true testament to the ineptitude of this system. On the other hand, with money being spent on young people for education, the control of their lives increases much more. The belief that being poor will deny any opportunities can be greatlyShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Response to â€Å"the Singer Solution to World Poverty†682 Words   |  3 PagesPeter Singer’s article â€Å"The Singer Solution to World Poverty,† Singer suggests that Americans should donate all of the money they are spending on luxuries, not necessities, to the world’s poor. His argument seems simple and straight forward, but there are several unanswered questions. What is the cause of world poverty? What would this do to the American economy? America’s economy must be a priority to Americans when it comes to solving the issues of world poverty. Utilitarian philosophers, like PeterRead MoreThe Poverty Of Americans Are Affected By Poverty1464 Words   |  6 PagesMillions of Americans are affected by poverty every day, it does not spare anyone of a certain race, age, or gender. As children go hungry and the homeless become invisible, the 85 percent of wealthy Americans go on believing poverty does not exist. We live in a â€Å"culture of poverty† where there are many Americans that deny the fact that the country is in a state of despair, the only likely way out is to change how the government assists the deprived and to educate the unknowing. Policy makers haveRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On America894 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is one of largest problem in the whole world, because thousands of people are affected by this major concern. Poverty is an issue that inflicts many dangerous situations, such as, crimes, diseases, lack of literacy, hard labor, etc., and therefore, it is essential to resolute before it gets worse. For example, United States is having risen in unemployment rates, which indicates the early symptoms, that citizens have started submerging into poverty. In most of the poor countries crime ratioRead MorePoverty Is A Global Issue1448 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty is a global issue known by many people, it affects people in many ways, and can be considered a constant battle. The war on poverty has been ongoing for many years not only in the United States, but also amongst various countries. A significant country dealing with poverty is South Africa, which has struggled to provide jobs, education, and social security, to its people for numerous years. Moreover, the same applies to countries like the United States. Our first impression is that the UnitedRead MoreEssay on History of Terrorism1536 Words   |  7 Pagesusing force to influence or change a political decision. Given that there may be an array of situations the U.S. government and the American people are faced with on a daily basis, most would probably agree in saying that terrorism is the most imperative issue we are not only becoming victims to, but are interminably asked to deal with as well as finding a solution for. The history of terrorism can be traced back as far as the French revolution. Some of these acts of terrorism only seem as distantRead MoreSocial Aspects of American Children Being Born in Poverty Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesargues, children who are faced with economic distress and poverty are particularly vulnerable. For them the risks are compounded, as they lack the defenses and supports needed to combat the toxicity surrounding them. According to the Childrens Defense Fund, 13.5 million children living in America today are poor, and 5.8 million of them are living in extreme poverty, with incomes below half the poverty line. The issues related to poverty -- from substandard housing and malnutrition, to inadequateRead MorePoverty Can Be Defined As The State Of Being Inferior Quality Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Inevitableness of Poverty Poverty can be defined as the state of being inferior in quality or, the more popular definition, poor. If examined closely poverty can be found everywhere, in every nation, every city and society. To the world, poverty seems inevitable, however what if it s not? What if? Doubt may fill any sane person at this moment, however through research and several economist poverty has been deemed as avoidable. To avoid poverty, the causes of poverty must first be examinedRead MoreIs It Possible to End World Poverty? Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction- Today we’re facing a big problem, it’s not a new one but an on-going one and it has been going on for decades. What is poverty? Poverty is the state of not being able to afford basic needs, in other words, it is the condition of being extremely poor. It is an issue which has troubled the nation for thousands of years. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger is one of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Around 21,000 people die every day because of extreme hunger. If theyRead MoreA Solution to the Population Problem:1724 Words   |  7 Pagesand population growth over the course of the past few centuries. Scientists are frenetically searching for the solution to this issue, and their outcomes are bleak. They are telling the world that if population growth does not slow, the earth will swell to a capacity too large to sustain itself and the conclusion will be apocalyptic. Explanations are numerous, however viable solutions are difficult to find. Adherents to the Malthusian theory, such as Garrett Hardin, author of the article ThereRead MoreThe United States Wealth Inequality Gap1369 Words   |  6 Pages The number of children who are living in poverty have decreased for the first time in almost ten years. The Census Bureau reported a 0.5 percent decrease of Americans living in poverty from 2012 to 2013. Poverty is among the country’s contemporary social problems in the Twenty-First Century. According to the Census Bureau, 45.3 million people were categorized as living in poverty in 2013. To address contemporary social problems like poverty, one must take an in depth look at the reasons why there

Comparing Female Characters in Euripides Medea and...

Comparing Female Characters in Euripides Medea and Sophocles Oedipus the King and Antigone In the times of the ancient Greeks, women had an unpretentious role. They were expected to do take on the accepted role of a woman. In most cases, a womans role is restricted to bearing young, raising children, and housework. In Sophocles Oedipus the King, Antigone, and Medea, the dominant female characters impacted upon men with authority and political power. It is an inescapable fate that one of these characters will fall, and that the Gods have control over everyones fate. Each dominant female character portrays her willpower and commitment to their beliefs. This is what leads to the†¦show more content†¦It asked for the answer and killed everyone who had guessed incorrectly. This had riddled Thebes commerce and left its people disgruntled. To make matters worse, news reached the city that Lauis had been killed by unknown assailants. Desperate and in need of help, Creon (now the regent of Thebes) had offered up the throne and Jocasta to anyone who could solve the Sphinxs riddle. In the meantime, Oedipus came across the Sphinx and solved the riddle. He ended up in Thebes because he went to the oracle at Delphi just like his father Lauis. Now Oedipus is King of Thebes and another problem arises, a plague. He searches far and wide for the solution to save his people. Prophets and wisemen were brought in to help Oedipus with the plague. It is discovered that the plague will be lifted when Lauis death is revenged. Tiresias, an old prophet reveals that Oedipus is the murderer. Creon too, accuses Oedipus of the murder. Jocasta stands by Oedipus side. A prophet? . . . free yourself of every charge! Listen to me and learn some peace I mind: no skill in the world, nothing human can penetrate the future. . . .my son wasnt three days old and the boys father fastened his ankles, had a henchman fling him away on a barren, trackless mountain. Apollo brought neither thing to pass. My baby no more murdered his father

Drawing on Appropriate Theory Examples Essay Example For Students

Drawing on Appropriate Theory Examples Essay Whether culture management can ever be truly effective and, if so, Which management strategies are most likely to succeed. Taylor describes culture as the complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society, Taylor (1871/1958:1). Considering the early days of anthropology, culture was the understanding of what was distinctively human, what separates humans from other animals and hence what defines our similarities. Growing interest within this field brought about an association of ultra with particular groups of people. This association caused anthropologists to talk about groups as it they were cultures and shifted the touch to anthropology from the general understanding of human kind as species, to the distinctive characteristics of particular groups, and thus to human differences. A comparison of the definition of Taylor and a definition from American anthropologist Melville Horsepower helps illustrate this shift, a construct describing the total body of belief, behavior, knowledge, sanctions, values, and goals that make up the way of life of a people. Horsepower (1948:625). The shift that refocused culture to the culture of groups, in anthropology, has been repeated within organizational culture studies, there has been a shift from culture as an organizational unity, to culture as a means of explaining differences between various subgroups of the organization. Considering different perspectives on organizational culture, researchers Who take an anthropological stance, organizations are cultures (Bate 1 994) describing something that an organization is (Smirch 1983) and thus, Scheme explains: an organization comprises a pattern Of shared assumptions invented, covered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valued, and therefore is to be taught to new members of the group as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. (Scheme 1992, p. 247) In this paradigm, organizational culture is both defined and restricted by group parameters, tort example concepts or ideologies, and by normative criteria that provides the basis for allocating status, power, rewards, friendship, punishment, authority and respect. Culture determines what a group pays attention to and monitors in the external environment and how it responds to this environment. Thus, as Bate (1994) notes, for those who take an anthropological stance, organizational culture and organizational strategy are linked and interdependent. Culture, therefore, is not a separable facet of an organization, it is not readily manipulated or changed, and it is not created or influenced by leaders. For the writers described by Bate (1394) as scientific rationalists, organizational culture is but one aspect Of the component parts Of an organization, a facet that an be measured, manipulated and changed as can organizational variables such as skills, style, systems, strategy and staff (Peters Waterman 1982). In this paradigm, organizational culture is primarily a set values and beliefs articulated by leaders to guide the organization. Scientific rationalists strategies for change focus on modular, design-and-build activity often related to structures, procedures and rewards (Bate 1994, p. 11). Discussion, within this paradigm, within organizational culture is usually from the perspective of managers and often emphasis the leaders role in creating, influencing or transforming culture: leaders help to shape the culture. The cultu re helps to shape its members culture, then, attain at the apex of the leaders responsibility hierarchy (Hampered-Turner 1990, up. , 9). After the consideration of organizational culture as unitary I will now discus the possibilities of pluralist sub-cultures within the one organization. Writes on this subject may adopt a fragmented or anarchist perspective and claim that consensus fails to coalesce on an organization-wide or sub cultural basis, except in transient, issue-specific ways (Frost et al. 991, p. 8). A Unitarian perspective underpins various category descriptions of organizational culture. A good example of this is Handy (1 993), who believes an organization will display either a role, task, power or person orientated culture Writers with a unitary perspective believe in a top-down leadership of change or maintenance of an organizational culture. The unitary viewpoint Of a single culture makes it possible for the manager to efficiently control or influence the direction of the organization. Those against the unitary perspective believe that an organization is made up f diverse sub-cultures and take a pluralist stance. Their belief is that success is achieved through effective leadership and management of diversity and maintaining or change the culture of the organization is attained through programmer specifically designed for different segments of the organization. The anarchist perspective argues that in any case, all organizations are comprised of individuals who bring with them their own values and assumptions and thus there really can be no underlying cultural unity at any level except on a transient basis (Frost at al, 1991). Such fragmentation may be found even in rotationally structured firms for, in their study of twenty organizational cultures, Hefted et al, (1990, p. 31 1) found: shared perceptions of daily practices to be that core of an organizations culture employee values differed more according to the demographics criteria of nationality, age, and education than according to membership in the organization per SE. The anarchist perspective of organizational culture implies the impossibility of effecting culture change through concentrated efforts, but it also highlights the centrality of effective communication and management diversity if the loosely pulled organization is to remain functional and not break apart (Wick 1991). If individual values and assumptions are evident within the organization, managers must be aware of these to make certain individual behavior is driven by the organizational culture to ensure individuals do not act in a counter. Culture way. An example of an individual acting in a counter-culture way was apparent within the video Inside the Enron Scandal. Due to the violation of an individuals own moral framework, Enron were reported and brought down for their many scandals. This case illustrates that culture can be directly linked to this, The individual believed that the actions of the management within Enron were morally wrong. Another example within General Motors includes the story of the quality cat Howe Make whose job to patrol the factory exhorting workers to produce higher quality. General Motors employees reacted to this by producing their own quantity cat that chased Howe Maker-n off the factory floor. There is also a question of stability within an organizational culture. The fragmentation perspective, which takes on a postmodern view of organizational culture focuses on the inconsistency of an organizational culture. Joanne Martin (1983) writes: When two cultural members agree on a particular interpretation of, say, a ritual, this is likely to be temporary and issue-specific congruence. It may not reflect agreement or disagreement on other issues, at other times. Subcultures, then, are recapitulated as fleeting, issue-specific coalitions that may or may not have similar configuration in the future. This is not simply a failure to achieve sub cultural consensus in a particular context; from the Fragmentation perspective this is the most consensus possible in any context. (Martin 198352-64). She is stating that coalitions can never stabilize into unified or sub-cultures cause its important issues are always changing. Consider H.L.a Harts Critique of Austin Positivist Theory EssayTheir benefits must be notable by the members of the culture for this to happen, This will result in new values dropping to the level of unconscious assumptions. Chines model not only takes into consideration that culture is driven from inside out, but he suggests that it may be driven trot outside in. We can see that the arrows on his model point both ways. He is showing that the artifacts can be interpreted to transform the values an assumptions, showing the influence of management is possible. A study on MUM by Greet Hefted in the sasss brought about the theory that differences in the attitudes expressed by the managers of IBM could be categorized into four dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and masculinity. This was the result of Hefted making comparisons across the international affiliates of MUM. He conducted a series of interviews with some 1 16 CO IBM employees from 72 countries. When considering Power distance we are analyzing the willingness Of members of a nation to accept an unequal distribution of wealth, power and prestige. Power distance may well be determined by the Structure Of the organization. For example within a flat organizational structure, power between the members Will be more equal. Uncertainty Avoidance focuses on the level Of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity within the society i. E. The structuring of activities. If an organization has unstructured activities, this suggests a low uncertainty avoidance. An organization that is very control and rule-orientated expresses gig uncertainty avoidance. Individualism focuses on the degree the society reinforces individual or collective, achievement and interpersonal relationships. In the U. S cultures individualism is seen as a source of well being. Masculinity focuses on the degree the society reinforces, or does not reinforce, the traditional masculine work role model to male achievement, control, and power. There is more emphasis on work goals and earnings in highly masculine cultures; where as physical environment and relationships are more dominant in less masculine cultures, As with all theories, Hypotheses dimensions are subject to criticisms. Many writers believe that a survey to measure culture was inappropriate as it was carried out on group date, The very special nature of the IBM study has confused or enraged many who have learned from statistical textbooks that factor analysis has been done On individual data. They Would find it inconceivable Or Wrong to do it on group level data. (Sundergrad, 1934). We also need to consider is the study of one company a good representation about entire national cultures? Is the data for this analysis now out of date and obsolete? The external environment and the way it impacts on companies change as time passes by. And one last point to consider, Will all companies fit within just four dimensions? After thoroughly analyzing the different theorists on the topic of culture we can see that all their theories, too certain extent, allow an analysis of the conscious and viewable aspects of the culture, for example the physical analysis. Do not believe the cultural web gives an in-depth analysis on the underlying assumptions; however Johnson (1999) does bear these in mind and states that it is possible to identity the assumptions after a cultural web analysis takes place. It is Scheme who takes a step further and suggests for a fuller understanding, of he organizations culture, all three levels, this theory, should be complete. Have already discussed the theories of analyzing which culture an organization has; now will discus a theory of how best to influence and manage culture, Jennifer Chatham and Sandra Enough Chaw believe that powerfully effective cultures display three criteria: a high level of agreement, a high level of intensity, and an emphasis on innovation. They refer to three tools that leaders can use to help develop, manage and change their companys cultures to meet these three criteria: recruit select people for cultural fit, manage culture through colonization training and manage culture through the reward system. Chatham and Chaw understood one can promote powerful culture by emphasizing person/culture fit in addition to person/job fit. Townies (1989) suggests the growing trend in the use Of systematic selection and appraisal schemes not only seek to improve competitive strength and efficiency but also, and more importantly, seek to control employees. An example Of a company Who have taken this on board are Hays Recruitment. When interviewed by them for my placement year went through a series of personality tests. These tests would eve Hays an understanding of my values and beliefs, the results then could be compared with the culture adopted by Hays to ensure was likely to fit in and accept the overall culture which would have t o adopt in my placement year. Training employees about the values, expected behaviors and social knowledge will help create a bond between members so that employees will hold each other accountable for upholding the values. Also a sense of belonging can be very motivating. Working for a fruit packing company, found myself as an outsider. The existing staff had formed their own bond and was unwilling to allow anyone else within it. This drove me away from the company. In this situation management would be needed to influence the attitudes and values, possible through training, of the staff to prevent further high levels of turnover. Linking the informal cultural reward system to the formal company reward system Will ensure a clear, consistent and comprehensive message of company values. Seating arrangement in accordance with levels of sales in staff meetings is a good example Of this (Chatham and Chaw, 2002, up. 2-3). If there is a belief that culture can be managed, new forms Of managerial influences and control within organizations Will develop (Peters and Waterman 1982). If culture can influence behavior via values and norms, then management of these values and norms is possible to ensure other organizational performance outcomes are achieved. As have already discussed, this control can be achieved through recruitment and selection as well as other managerial tools. However an understanding of Chines work suggests norms and values are grounded in deeply rooted basic assumptions and therefore managing culture will be strictly limited. The influence exerted by the manager, on organizational culture, depends on any factors, Consideration must be given to the history of the organization, technology, goals and objectives, the size, location, management and staffing and the overall environment, Trust demonstrated by open plan offices and individual appraisal may not co-exist smoothly with each other. This ambiguity was well represented in the Channel 4 documentary The Gilded Cage. An influence or change in culture is evident in many case studies, for example British Airways, however as Smith and Peterson (1988, p 121) point out major changes in culture have been successfully accomplished but they are rare. Managers deed to assess the interests of both employers and employees in order to achieve a balance; in turn this may lead to more commitment, which leaves the manager in a better position to influence. Managers have placed too much emphasis on culture as an entity.

1982 Essays - Nineteen Eighty-Four, Mass Surveillance,

1982 Outline Thesis Statement- This paper will examine how George Orwell wrote 1984 as a political statement against totalitarianism. I Introduction II Summary of 1984 III Roles of major Charters A. Big Brother B. Winston C. O'Brien D. Julia E. Shop owner IV Propaganda A. Ministry of Truth B. Ministry of Love V Orwell's thoughts on Totalitarianism A. From life experiences B. From a writers point of view VI Conclusion Introduction "Orwell observed that every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism, as I understand it" ("George Orwell"). George Orwell has been a major contributor to anticommunist literature around the World War II period. Orwell lived in England during World War II, a time when the totalitarianism state, Nazi Germany, was at war with England and destroyed the city of London. " I know that building' sai d Winston finally. Its a ruin now. It's in the middle of the street outside the Palace of Justice.' That's right. Outside the Law Courts. It was bombed in-oh many years ago'" (Orwell 83). This reflects Orwell's own life experiences as a citizen in war torn England and how he uses this in 1984. George Orwell is famous for two major novels which attack totalitarianism. The first is Animal Farm a satire describing the leaders of the Soviet Union as animals on an animal farm. The second novel is 1984 a story of dictators who are in complete control of a large part of the world after the Allies lost in World War II . The government in this novel gives no freedoms to its citizens. They live in fear because they are afraid of having bad thoughts about the government of Oceania, a crime punishable by death. This is the gem in Orwell's collection of novels against totalitarianism. This paper will show how George Orwell wrote 1984 as a political statement against totalitarianism. 1984 is about life in a world where no personal freedoms exist. Winston the main character, is a man of 39 who is not extraordinary in either intelligence or character, but is disgusted with the world he lives in. He works in the Ministry of Truth, a place where history and the truth is rewritten to fit the party's beliefs. Winston is aware of the untruths, because he makes them true. This makes him very upset with the government of Oceania, where Big Brother, a larger than life figure, controls the people. His dissatisfaction increases to a point where he rebels against the government in small ways. Winston's first act of rebellion is buying and writing in a diary. This act is known as a thought crime and is punishable by death. A thought crime is any bad thought against the government of Oceania. Winston commits many thought crimes and becomes paranoid about being caught, which he knows is inevitable (Greenblast 113). He becomes paranoid because he is followed by a young woman who is actively involved in many community groups. Winston is obsessed with the past, a time before Oceania was under strict dictatorship. He goes into an antique shop and buys a shell covered in glass which is another crime punishable by death. He sees the same woman following him. Many thoughts race through his mind "I wanted to rape you and then murder you afterwards. Two weeks ago I thought seriously of smashing your head in with a cobblestone. If you really want to know, I imagined that you had something to do with the Thought Police" (Orwell 101). The girl who was following him slipped him a note while at work. The note said "I love you"(90). They make plans to meet each other and carry on an illegal love affair. This love affair is another rebellion against the government. It goes on for some time. Winston rents a room where he and Julia can be secluded from the outside world. They meet a man named O'Brien who indicates that he is another revolutionary. Winston and Julia go to his house to meet with him. O'Brien gives than a seditious book to read. Soon after that, they are caught by the Thought

How does Shakespeare make the start of the play gripping and exciting Essay Example

How does Shakespeare make the start of the play gripping and exciting Essay Example How does Shakespeare make the start of the play gripping and exciting Essay How does Shakespeare make the start of the play gripping and exciting Essay Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Originally written by Arthur Brooke in the form of a long poem called The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet, Romeo and Juliet was later rewritten by former actor and playwright William Shakespeare. Shakespeare, a magician with words, added more depth, detail and characters to the tragedy. The famous play, The Most Excellent and Lamentable Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, more commonly referred to as Romeo and Juliet, was believed to be written roughly between 1591 and 1595, in the Elizabethan era. In the Elizabethan era theatres were popular. Whilst watching a play the audience were not expected to be silent: people ate, talked and fidgeted through the performance. Going to the theatre was like going to a social event thus people would be loud and mingle around; you had to earn the audience’s attention by having a riveting start to the play. In addition, there were hardly any props for the actors so the story had to be told through words. Shakespeare creates an engaging and gripping opening to Romeo and Juliet with the use of various linguistic techniques, dramatic devices, metaphoric imagery and humour. Shakespeare ingeniously starts the play with a prologue containing the whole story, start to finish, in a carefully written sonnet; this leaves the audience waiting in anticipation for the prologue to be brought to life. He uses this dramatic device to enliven and alarm the audience as well as inform them about the feud among the two families and the effect it causes. It is apt that the Prologue is written in the form of a sonnet; they are often associated with love and as the play is a tragic love story, it is appropriate. The audience are told that in the play that â€Å"A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life† and their deaths ultimately unite their feuding families. The phrase â€Å"star cross’d† literally means against the stars; the expression links to the texts historical context because during the Elizabethan era nobility had personal astrologers to give them their horoscope and â€Å"star cross’d† had meant that their stars were aligned. This would have scared an Elizabethan audience as they strongly believed in the idea of having a destiny and fate mapped out already in the stars. A modern day audience today would not have believed in fate so strongly. In Act 1 Scene 1, immediately following the Prologue, the scene picks up on the theme of hate; the audience found out in the Prologue that there is going to be a lot of â€Å"civil blood† lost and after a short, comical conversation between two servants, the Prologue begins to come to life. The use of humour holds the audience’s attention and makes them laugh. One of the ways Shakespeare incorporates humour into the play is with the use of puns and references to male anatomy. The scene starts off with a witty and bawdy conversation between two Capulet servants. The joke Gregory says: Tis well thou art not fish; if thou hadst, thou hadst been poor-John, is coarse and is used to tease Sampson. In Elizabethan times â€Å"Poor-John was the cheapest kind of dried fish. Dried fish were commonly sold whole and were so thoroughly dried that they were as hard as wood. Thus a dried fish could be compared to a mans erection. It was vital that the audience were entertained and the vulgar jokes were fun to watch at the start and warm the audience up. Quickly after the jokes the violence starts to emerge; the silly gags contrast with the seriousness of the fight. Gregory says: â€Å"Draw thy tool! Here comes two of the house of the Montagues. † The servants wonder if they should provoke a fight or start a fight themselves. We knew there was going to be a fight because it was inevitable; it was just a matter of who is involved and when it occurs. The Capulet servants deliberately rouse the Montague servants. We can see this where it says: â€Å"Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them; which is a disgrace to them, if they bear it. These servants decide to provoke the fight by biting their thumbs. This would be like flipping someone off today. That stirs up the opposing familys servants and a fight ensues. The provoking makes the feud seem silly and pointless because flipping some off today would not start a fight in which blood would be shed. Here we are shown the full extent of the grudge and introduced to a few minor characters and the antagonist Tybalt. The audience is already made aware of the personalities of each of the characters and their part in the main story: Tybalt is the villain and loves to fight. This leads the audience to think that Tybalt is the person that comes between Romeo and Juliet and influence’s their feelings to immediately despise him. The Prince’s Speech is engaging because we know the quarrelling families will be rebellious and not listen so there will most likely be more fights; the audience are on stand-by until this happens. Throughout the speech there is a lot of metaphoric imagery which interests us as we imagine the image in our heads. An example of this would be: â€Å"With purple fountains issuing from your veins the word â€Å"purple† is used here because in the Elizabethan era nobility were thought to have had blue blood whereas commoners had red and blue mixed with red made purple therefore both noble and common people died. On the other hand it could be interpreted as a dark or deep wound such as the deep hatred the families have for each other. The Prince threatens the families at the end. We can see this where it says: â€Å"If you ever disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. The sinister threat is exhilarating for the audience because they know that it would have to be put into action and people’s lives will be lost. However it seems less real for a contemporary audience as it is not part of the new justice system, yet the modern day adaptation does not fail to hook the audience. In Act 1 Scene 5, at a party hosted by the Capulet family, Romeo sees Juliet for the first time. As Romeo sees Juliet for the first time, all the old romantics begin to swoon and sigh over his amorous sonnet for her. At this point it is crucial that the audience believe that Romeo is truly in love with Juliet or else their deaths will not be as heart-rending. One of the ways we are shown Romeo’s strong feelings is through light and dark imagery. An example of this is: â€Å"a snowy white dove trooping with crows. † He is speaking about binary opposites: doves are white and crows are black. This emphasises how Romeo sees Juliet; she stands out to him. Moreover â€Å"doves† are seen as symbols of live and â€Å"crows† are seen as evil or ugly birds. This is a highly important moment because we realise that Rosaline is the crow in this quote. This links back to where earlier in the text where Benvolio was telling Romeo to â€Å"examine other beauties† and he â€Å"will make thee think thy swan a crow. † Another way Romeo’s love is indicated is through the use of words that appeal to the eyes. Throughout the speech words like â€Å"watch†, â€Å"light†, â€Å"sight† and â€Å"beauty† are used. These words imply that Romeo is smitten with her and can’t take his eyes off of her. Alternatively, Romeo can be seen as rather shallow and superficial as well as young and naive; he doesn’t know what love really is. Shakespeare uses religious imagery to ensure that the love between Romeo and Juliet is perceived as pure and true. Phrases such as: â€Å"This holy shrine† and â€Å"blushing pilgrims† influences the audience’s feelings by making us feel the love radiating off the character and believe that they are meant to be. The way in which Shakespeare portrays the love between Romeo and Juliet is exceptional however it is less likely for a modern day audience today to believe that the two are really in love; they would see it as an infatuation. Furthermore, the audience are captivated by antagonist Tybalt because his choleric character suggests to them that whenever he is around a fight may arouse. He speaks in rhyme like Romeo but this time to declare his hate for the Montague family rather than love; this shows that he is of equal status to Romeo. His hate for the Montagues is clear through his use of words which describe hatred and anger. Some of the words he uses are: â€Å"scorn†, â€Å"sin† and â€Å"strike. † The use of sibilance when he speaks suggests that he is like Satan and is evil. The words make a hissing sound like a snake and this links to the book of Genesis from the Bible where Satan in form of a snake causes the downfall of Adam and Eve. The audience were familiar with the stories from the Bible and the majority were Christian so this was a strong way of showing evil. They can also see his rage in the way Shakespeare has created the sonnet to have a staccato rhythm. People usually use sharp and quick words when they are angry as they do not use elaborate words. This also makes Tybalt sound like he is clenching his teeth and heightens the sense of resentment. In conclusion, the moment that all viewers wait for and the moment that is the most important to the play is the scene where Romeo and Juliet, the â€Å"star cross’d lovers† meet for the first time and fall in love. From that moment the story builds to the ultimate scene where they go on to â€Å"take their life†. In my opinion it is the best scene in Romeo and Juliet because I like romantic scenes; the lines he says about her are moving and even though I would not believe they are really in love, Romeo talks about Juliet the way any girl would like her boyfriend or husband to talk about her. Moreover this scene is thrilling because both themes run through it in complete contrast allowing the audience to sense the strong emotions better whilst they are forever sitting in the stands waiting for the moment where Romeo and Juliet die; Tybalt is fuming that Romeo intruded and so it seems like a colossal brawl will occur right there and then. In Elizabethan times it was vital the audience were gripped right from the very start. They treated the theatre as a social gathering and the racket was the equivalent to a modern day rock concert. Nowadays when people go to the theatre it is a more formal gathering where people sit quietly and watch; being noisy would be considered very discourteous and the lack of props would have made the play extremely dull as these days people tend to be more interested in the acting rather than the dialogue. Shakespeare had to capture the Elizabethan audience’s attention right from the beginning but a modern day audience would not need as much persuading which is why the modern day adaptation by Baz Luhrmann is a big hit today. The Prologue in the Baz Luhrmann’s version is still exciting but more realistic than a person standing on the stage telling you what the story will be; it is told through a news report on a television screen. In my opinion Shakespeare’s opening of Romeo and Juliet is clearly legendary for a reason. It does more than grip the audience’s attention; it seizes it and does not let go. In conclusion, Act 1 is jam-packed with remarkable scenes that would keep you on the edge of your seat (unless you were a stinkard) craving more.

Lesson Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson Study - Essay Example The process of Lesson Study can be categorized under four stages, which are unique to this methodology and also cater to the improvement if student achievement in school curriculum; while promoting a detailed analyses of the subject matter as well. The stages are as follows: This stage consists of a study of the academic curriculum, by weighing the topics and subject matter of study. In addition to this, the authorities and teachers also keep in mind the futuristic interests of the students and the betterment of the quality of education transmitted. On doing this, they formulate the goals for this methodology. This stage comprises of the planning for the research that comes along with this methodology of instruction. It included analyzing the comprehension and absorption levels of students. Based on this, the extent of data collection, the mode fo collecting it and the plan of action to carry forward the approach is planned and scheduled. This method is the actual practical component of this methodology of Lesson Study, wherein one of the teaching faculty members