The Impact Of National Minimum Wage On South Africa s...

The impact national minimum wage would have on South Africa’s income inequality should it be implemented. South Africa is still considered one of the countries which still consist of high income inequality. Economists argue that inequality is the most unavoidable part of the economic development and that it continues to increase in developing countries due to economic growth (Keeton, 2014). Inequality is a problem in countries such as South Africa, because it shifts the attention from bigger and difficult economic questions to it being seen as the source of poverty and the lack of jobs rather than bad policies and political failure. The national minimum wage is defined as the minimum pay per hour of labour which almost each and every worker is entitled to despite how small the employer may be. It helps create a basic floor, below which no-one may fall, despite the region or sector that one is in. South Africa is looking to introduce the abovementioned minimum wage in order to help reduce the level of inequality in the country. President Jacob Zuma has stated that the possibility of this minimum wage being one of the most important mechanisms in reducing the income inequality will be investigated. The investigation is said to focus on different possible models, such as one that includes the different pay structures for various sectors, looking at the nature of the work done (Southafrica.info, 2014). Economists argue that although the national minimum wage is seen as a wayShow MoreRelatedEssay on African Americans in the Great Depression1210 Words   |  5 Pagesworst financial crisis to ever hit America. Unemployment rates of over 25%. A 50% decrease in national income. Billions of dollars lost in a single day. (Trotter, pg.8) The Depression affected everyone in America. Young and old, rich and poor, black and white, none were spared. However, for America’s 12 million African Americans (Encyclopedia of Race and Racism) the Depression didn’t just start in 1929.(Africa to America: From the Middle Passage Through the 1930s) African Americans were a subj ugatedRead MoreStructural Adjustment Program ( Saps )1902 Words   |  8 Pagesenvironmental regulations, civil service requirements, energy policy and government procurement. The negative outcomes This program was design help Africa as a whole to solve its problems, to become richer than they were before but instead it crippled them. No wonder the New York Times called the World Bank and the IMF, â€Å"the overlords of Africa.† Here are few of the problems: Slower Growth During 1960-1980, Sub Saharan Africa’s GDP per capita grew by 36%; in the 1980-2000 period itRead MoreHousing Issues South Africa7704 Words   |  31 PagesSustainable urban development? 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Nepal’ performance has been dismal compared s to neighboring countries inRead MoreCoffee Is An Essential Part Of The Lives Of Millions Of People2877 Words   |  12 Pagesthe global food system today whereby accumulation and profits favour the global north, while the global south only receives a small percent of the total benefits, and it is through this, which allows the aspects of the dependency theory to thrive in our world today. The essence of the dependency theory is comprised of two states; the center or periphery, the global north or the global south, those who benefit from connections in the global food system or those who suffer, the advanced nations inRead MoreWho Have the Been the Main Winners and Losers from Globalisation?2973 Words   |  12 Pagesby incentives such as low tariffs and interest rates and minimal government intervention find themselves unattached to the markedly less benefited, the losers– developing countries, especially their poorest demographic segments, the low-skilled low-wage percentage of workforce, the unemployed, the minorities, women amongst others – who in turn find themselves trapped in this zero-sum cycle where one either leads globalization or follows it – at risk of falling behind – but not either. GlobalizationRead MorePoverty Term Paper4739 Words   |  19 PagesPoverty II. Entrenched factors associated with poverty A. Colonial Histories B. Centralization of Power C. Corruption D. Warfare E. Environmental degradation F. Social Inequality III. Lethal and Long-term Effect of Poverty A. Health B. Education C. Housing D. Violence E. Substance/Drug Abuse IV. Poverty Diminution/Reduction A. Holistic Approach Read MoreSo Far International Monetary Fund (Imf) Has Been Failed to Curve Corruption, Reduce Public Spending and Develop Macroeconomic Policies4014 Words   |  17 PagesSince the debt crisis of the 1980 s, the IMF has assumed the role of bailing out countries during financial crises (caused in large part by currency speculation in the global casino economy) with emergency loan packages tied to certain conditions, often referred to as structural adjustment policies (SAPs). The IMF now acts like a global loan shark, exerting enormous leverage over the economies of more than 60 countries. These countries have to follow the IMF s policies to get loans, internationalRead MoreAccount for the growth of TNCs and evaluate their impacts at the global and national scales3274 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿Account for the growth of TNCs and evaluate their impacts at the global and national scales (40 marks) A TNC (transnational corporation) is a company that operates in no less than two countries and has a global outlook. TNCs have a long history going back to the 16th Century in terms of trade such as spices, but it’s not until C. 1945 that companies started to form acquisitions and mergers. The one key reason why these businesses have been so successful in their area of expertise globally is

Correlation Between Type Of Mecp2 Mutation And The Degree...

Once the MEPC2 gene was implicated in RTT there was an intense period of cohort screening in an attempt to elucidate genotypic-phenotypic associations (Weaving, 2005). As it stands there are an approximate 800 pathogenetic mutations that are currently found within the MEPC2 (Cheadle, 2000). These include missense, nonsense, frame shifts and inversions as well as large deletions which have now been identified as being present in 15% of apparently MECP2 mutation negative individuals. These large deletions would have gone undetected without the application of NGS techniques (Weaving, 2005). Work by Wolffe aimed to explore the associations between the type of MECP2 mutation and the degree of phenotypic severity. While work in this area is largely conflicted his study was concurrent with previous work concerning the view that particular mutations that were either point mutations, such as p.Arg133Cys, p.Arg294X, p.Arg306Cys and 3’ truncations resulted in a reduction in the severity of symptoms. There is also a wide consensus that missense mutations produce a less acute phenotype than nonsense mutations and that the most severe clinical features were the consequence of splice sites or large insertions or deletions (Weaving, 2005). The MEPC2 gene codes a protein, which is apart of the methyl-CpG-binding family. It contains three conserved functional domains. Work by Wolffe also examined which aspects of the protein were affected by each type of mutation. He found that Nonsense

An Effective Technique and Material in Learning English free essay sample

An Effective Technique and Material in Learning English English has an important role in many aspects of life. This statement leads us to the reason of why this language should be taught in schools. In Indonesia, English is used as the first foreign language that should be learned by the students even from elementary school until university. In using the language, there are many elements that have to be mastered, covering reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Song refer to a piece of music that have words and can be used in language teaching. It is suggested to include songs in language learning as well. The possibility of using songs in English as a foreign language class has been actively considered for the last two decades. It is considered because songs have many values in language teaching. Orlova (2003), states that it is possible to suggest that among the methodological purposes that songs are used in class, it is possible to rank the following: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on An Effective Technique and Material in Learning English or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Practicing the rhythm, stress and the intonation patterns of the English language. 2. Teaching vocabulary, especially in the vocabulary reinforcement stage 3. Teaching grammar. In this respect songs are especially favored by teachers while investigating the use of the tenses. 4. Teaching speaking. For this purpose, songs and mainly their lyrics are employed as a stimulus for class discussion 5. Teaching listening comprehension 6. Developing writing skills. For this purpose a song can be used in a variety of ways. From the songs, we can learn many things such as vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, writing, and of course reading. Benefit of Song Griffe (1992: 4) points out some advantages in using songs and music in the language classroom. There are some categories mentioned by Griffe, namely in classroom atmosphere, cultural input, text and student interest. They are as follows; 1. Songs create enjoyable classroom atmosphere Dealing with classroom atmosphere, songs and music can be used to make students relaxed and provide enjoyable classroom conditions. 2. They can introduce the culture of the songs. Either songs or music is reflection of the time and place that produce them. When the teacher brings songs into classroom, he will also bring the culture of the songs in the classroom. 3. Songs can be used as texts Songs also can be used as texts in the same way that a poem, short story or novel provided in the language classroom. From explanation above, songs have many benefits. Some of them are songs can motivate the students and make them more confident in their ability to listen the materials. The Criteria of Song Selection The important thing about choosing a song to do with a class is to make sure that the lyrics are clear. It can be very frustrating for the students not to understand a word. The recording should also be a good one. Lynch (2008), provides three principal song selection criteria, as follows: 1. Use songs that are popular with the students whenever possible. Unfortunately, students frequently select songs for classroom use which are objectionable in some way making the song unusable. 2. Songs must have clear and understandable lyrics. Nothing is worse than a song almost nobody can understand. If you have trouble understanding the lyrics by listening, then another song needs to be selected. 3. Songs should have an appropriate theme. There’s enough bad news, negativity and violence in the world already. Songs with any type of negative theme should be avoided. There are plenty of positive, upbeat, even humorous songs available. It is realized when teaching the students; we should choose the songs with suitable level of difficulty. The suitability of the song is a particularly important issue. It should be known whether or not the students like the song. The use of Singing Procedure There are various ways of using songs in the classroom. The level of the students, the interests and the age of the learners, the grammar point to be studied, and the song itself have determinant roles on the procedure. Apart from them, it mainly depends on the creativity of the teacher. Some examples of these techniques are: 1. Gap fills or close texts . Focus questions 3. True-false statements 4. Put the lines into the correct sequence 5. Dictation 6. Add a final verse 7. Circle the antonyms/synonyms of the given words 8. Discuss Many experienced textbook and methodology manual writers argue that songs have a great educational value. It can’t be denied that children, teenagers, and adults like music. While they are singi ng it, they are also doing other activities like learning, remembering new vocabulary, studying to pronounce words, etc. So, let’s try to learn English by using song and get the result!

Ancient Rome Languages free essay sample

Different Languages in Ancient Rome Carrie Weatherspoon American InterContinental University ABSTRACT During the rise of the Roman Empire many colonies were conquered, which exercised many different languages. With so many diverse cultures, was it possible that one language that could have been inherited? There are three languages contiguous with Latin that will be introduced in this essay Different Languages in Ancient Rome Latin had a very large impact in early ancient Rome. Latin like many languages had more than one form which changed over time. During the Ancient Roman times many cultures coexisted to make up of many languages, and each language embraced a little of each to one another. While Latin encountered through an evolution it was open to influence from numerous languages. Among Latin, the Vernacular languages that coincide in Rome during this time were, Celtic, Greek and Punic. Latin was the main language of the indo- European, a branch of the foundation of colonies which created urban centers of the Latin speaking people. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Rome Languages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It eventually became language of the government of most Europe. Latin Literature is affluent and complicated as well as a prominent language. Depending on the social class is what enhanced the language. Well used among the wealthiest and the most educated. A portion of scholars say that the Romans mimic all the literature and culture from the Greeks. The Celtic language was a branch the indo- European which spread widely over Europe in pre Christian time. Celtic that harvested toward the Latin language by the fifth century the Celtic language had essentially disappeared from the continental of Europe. Although the fragments of the Celtic language has survived as part of the Welsh language. Celtic language, words were used in Roman inscriptions and on coins. There is not a lot of evidence of the ancient language. Punic was the language spoken by Phoenician’s, although the alphabet was transmitted to the Greeks. This was influential for trading and international contacts. In Roman studies the Punic language was a significant component. This was eventually passed down to the city of Carthage for the use of importing. Punic was a dialect that among multiple languages existed through the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. A component of Roman history is the Greek language. There are several theories on the origins of the Greek language, the origination with the migration of Proto-Greek into the Greek peninsula. The migration of Greece was during the Roman times, this is when the New Testament appeared. Greek and Latin were the only written language for countless years. In the time of Christ Greek was a very common language. Latin eventually was accepted over the Greek language. Ultimately the Bible had to be translated to the most applicable language of the times which was Latin References www. PBS. org/empires/romans Sayre, H. (2013) Discovering of Humanities, Pearson,(2nd edition) Nelson,E (2002)The Complete idiots guide to Roman Empire. Alpha, Indianapolis, Ind.

Hitler Youth Movement Essays - Hitler Youth, Nazi Germany, Nazism

Hitler Youth Movement I thought the most interesting aspect of the Hitler Youth movement was the beginning of it all, when the numbers were small to when the organization held a lot of power. The years 1933-1938 were the most influential of the youth movement. These years determined what the organization would become and how much power they would hold. When Hitler came into power as the German Chancellor in 1933, the Hitler youth was not nearly close to an idea of what it was to become. Around this time, The Hitler Youth Organization numbered around one hundred thousand. Until two months later when Hitler was given dictatorial powers, which meant the state, was behind the Hitler Youth now. Immediately Hitler ordered that either organizations join the Nazi's or disband. If the organizations chose to join the Hitler Youth Movement were under the power of Baldur Von Schirach who Hitler appointed to be the head of The Youth organization, with only Hitler to answer to. Schirach began quickly by sending the fifty boys into The Reich's Committee of German Youth Association, and taking the six million members under the authority of the Hitler youth. So most of the recruitment for the Youth Movement was forced. Some groups did join willing though, but groups like The Catholic Youth Organization held out for as long as three years. Schirach soon organized Hitler's Youth Movement into a precise running machine. He set up age brackets as well as a Hitlers youth for girls called the BDM(Bund Deutcher Madel{League of German Girls}). The age brackets for boys started at ten to fourteen were the boys were in the jungvolk, and the boys from fourteen to eighteen were in the HJ(Hitler Jugend{Youth}). The girls had their age brackets as well the young girls from ten to fourteen were in the Jungmadel, and the girls from fourteen to eighteen were in the actual BDM. The youth organization was based on competition on what ever they did boys or girls. The boys and girls did not participate together though, they did do very much of the same things. The boys played War games, and often started brawls, which was not discouraged because the Nazi's believed it was toughing up the youth. The only problem Schirach was running into was that he could not find enough qualified people to be Youth leaders. Schirach could not fill the positions because the youth movement was growing so fast. In just one year the population burst from one hundred thousand to 3.5 million. To solve the problem Schirach came up with Reichsfuhrer(leadership) schools. These schools were actually three-week cram courses, that although brought down the level of education for the youth movement, they were accepted because of lack of people. In 1934 Schirach declared it to be The Year of Training, and told the youth that they were not just a group of kids marching in together, they are all individual soldiers with their own ideas, to motivate the kids. The kids learned vocational training, and in October were sent to the country to harvest the crops. This was to show them the value of hard manual labor, and how it pays off. 1935 was The Year of Physical Training, the Hitler youth had rigorous sport competitions and gladiator like fitness standards. Hitler felt that his youth should have more of a strong character and look more physically healthy, than to be well educated in the classroom. Hitler wanted his youth to feel that they are better than others are, and be proud to be Germans. While also being able to lay down their lives for their country. When in the classroom the teachers taught their curriculum to emphasize Nazi themes and history. In every classroom hung a portrait of Hitler and some of the students even prayed to him. The curriculum even included how to spot a Jew, and if there was a Jew in the classroom the teacher would bring him to the front of the class and use a pointer to point out these features. As the years progressed the Youth movement started accepting younger children and made the programs more physical. By 1936 for Hitler's birthday, his present would be to have every child over

6 Steps to Surviving a Job as a Night Shift Nurse

6 Steps to Surviving a Job as a Night Shift Nurse Being a night shift nurse can be extremely rewarding and heroic. It can also be incredibly grueling. Before you sign up to this gig, here are a few survival tips. And for those of you with no interest in such work, read on to see some of the challenges that face these tireless heroes who do such vital, life-saving work. 1. Understand your inner clock.Your circadian clock is your internal inclination to follow a normal 24-hour cycle. It also helps to regulate many of your body processes: hormones, temperature, heart rate, etc. The more you understand about these rhythms (and how your job will mess with them), the better off you’ll be. Realize that you will naturally crave sleep between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m., and do what it takes to train your body to, well, do the opposite of what it naturally wants to do.It may not be at the ideal time every day, and you’ll likely have to schedule your sleep instead of just falling into a normal routine like everybody else yo u know, but it’s even more important for you. Get blackout curtains for your room. Use eye masks or ear plugs or white noise machines to optimize your sleep environment. Make a sleep schedule and stick to it. Make sure you get long periods of uninterrupted sleep and that your family respects these periods.2. Keeping yourself healthy is key.The healthier you are, the better prepared your body will be to survive night shifts. Keep an eye out for conditions you’re at a higher risk for than your daytime components, like insomnia, daytime drowsiness, high blood pressure, diabetes, menstrual irregularities, common colds, and weight gain. Make sure to exercise and be active- it will help you stay alert. And make sure to eat right: reach for snacks high in protein and complex sugars, rather than candy and chips. Drink plenty of water. Having a healthy home life can help reinforce all the good habits you’ll need to cultivate to stay afloat at work.3. Bond with your cowor kers.Your coworkers are like a family- even more so when you’re all working in the trenches of the night shift. It’s a much different, and often more intimate environment. Take advantage of this to really work as a team, communicating effectively, and being able to rely on each other when the going gets tough.4. Don’t overdo the caffeine.Caffeine can be your friend- it can boost your alertness just when you need it. Remember to give yourself 25 minutes or so for it to kick in. But be judicious- too much caffeine can make you jittery or affect your out-of-work sleep quality. Find a balance that works for you and doesn’t compromise your sleep.5. Schedule your home life.It’s important that you keep your home life going strong, so it’s a place of comfort and stability. This might mean having to schedule things that normal families take for granted. But it’s worth it. Make sure you’re staying in constant touch- through texts, emails , phone calls, etc. Leave post-it notes or start a bulletin board to stay connected. And make sure to have a few date nights on the books if you have a special someone.6. Know the costs.Being a night nurse is really tough. The hospital may be a bit quieter, but patients are rarely able to sleep and often are needier or more anxious at night. Your patients might even get a bit angry or disgruntled as the night progresses. You’ll also get a lot of the leftover grunt work no one in the day shift wanted to do. And if you get hungry? Forget about it. The cafeteria will long have closed.That said, if you remember to stock up on snacks and food to fuel your shift, and you can learn to adjust your inner clock (and withhold your rage at the FedEx guy or the ice cream truck), you’ll also have the benefit of an extremely important and gratifying job- and one that offers a bit more flexibility than other, more regularly scheduled gigs.

SAM 400 UNIT 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SAM 400 UNIT 8 - Essay Example ate the team members to be aware that their tasks are mutually dependent thereby increasing the flexibility of the team and increasing the team’s response time (Musselwhite, 2007). The team’s response quality is extremely reliant on the feedback gotten from the leader of the team, customers and other members of the team. Musselwhite (2007) asserts that obtaining timely feedback is vital to the team’s success. On the other hand, the team leader is supposed to make sure that feedback has reached the whole team according to its metrics and goals. In addition, feedback is supposed to be obtained in time in case of corrections and adjustments. Mostly, feedback is obtained too late for it to add any practical value. Even if feedback may be used in planning future things, instant corrections needed in performance may not be enhanced by it. Feedback can be termed as a productive communication. It is very useful to a team leader. Communication that is productive within the team is very essential. This communication among team members may lead to improvement in the productivity and quality of the team. Timely feedback can differentiate between a team viewing mistakes as great opportunities and a team that is concealing its mistakes (Musselwhite, 2007). In a certain point when the team sees faults as chances of improving the results of a team, it indicates that the leader of that team has effectively developed an environment that endorses solving of problems. When the members of the team are allowed to develop their performance, they can be more engaged and proactive. Moreover, teams have big ownership of results discovered by them. According to Musselwhite (2007), another way of creating a team structure that is overly effective is by developing an environment suitable to solve problems. In case the structure of the team is poorly arranged, it can lead to negative behaviors among the team members and hinder communication. In an event whereby the team is having